Pilates based much of his thinking on ancient ideas of physical perfection.
In devising his own system of exercises Joseph Pilates drew on physical training systems from many different philosophical and cultural traditions. He was particularly impressed by the writings of the early Greeks, but was also absorbed by various elements from Eastern thinking and even studied the movements of animals. The general principles underlying each of his exercises give testimony to the extent to which his method is intended to reach both body and mind.
Concentration and control
In Pilates the key to success is the engagement of the mind in the actions of the muscles of the body. This mental focus encourages the development of body awareness—this is a sensitivity to the effect of different movements and muscle actions on the body as a whole. To achieve it you first need to develop your ability to focus without distraction on the movements you are trying to perform in order to rediscover "forgotten" muscles and ways of moving. Only when you are concentrating in this way will you be able to gain control over your muscles and move in the way you want to, rather than being dictated to by habit.
Precision and coordination
Your aim is to perform each exercise in precisely the way described. The difference between moving correctly and incorrectly is often apparently minuscule to the newcomer to Pilates, but gaining awareness of these subtle nuances of body use is one of the key lessons you will be learning. Ultimately the aim is to be able to link series of movements in a coordinated and balanced fashion.
Fluidity and flexibility
Pilates exercises are designed to encourage smooth movements that flow from one position to the next. There should be no hurried or jerky actions; these risk straining and shortening the muscles. The increased flexibility created by regular Pilates practice enhances the movement possibilities that are available to you and the fluidity with which you can perform them.
Centering and breathing
The Pilates approach aims to help you develop strength at the center of your body, in the muscles of the torso, in order to free the movement of the limbs. To achieve this you also need to learn to breathe in a way that brings adequate oxygen into your body but that does not encourage excessive relaxation at the center during exercise.
